The Ftaa Essay Research Paper The FTAA free essay sample

The Ftaa Essay, Research Paper The FTAA is the Free Trade Area Americas. Its chief end is to widen the North American Free Trade Agreement to the full Hemisphere. The FTAA brings together all the leaders of North, South and Central America ( except for Cuba ) to Quebec for several meetings and dialogues. The FTAA is supposed to adopted no subsequently than 2005. The FTAA was started in December 1994 in Miami. This acme brought caputs of province and authorities of 34 democracies together to build a Free Trade Area Americas. By making so this would extinguish trade barriers investings between states. The FTAA s program of action is supposed to beef up our democracies, prompt prosperity through economic integrating and free trade, eradicate poorness and favoritism in our hemisphere, and warrant sustainable development and continue our natural environment for the hereafter. The 2nd meeting of the Americas took topographic point in Santiago Chile in April of 1998. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ftaa Essay Research Paper The FTAA or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The FTAA s economic range is based on seven cardinal constituents ; Free trade in the Americas, capitol markets development and Liberalization, hemispheric substructure, energy corporation, telecommunication and information substructure, cooperation in scientific discipline and engineering, and touristry. Some deductions that may travel along with the acme could be rioting from dissenters ; struggles could originate between authoritiess, dissensions etc. Free Trade is supposed to beef up our democracy, do our economic system more efficient. Compared to the NAFTA understanding we have now the FTAA seems more unfastened for growing and chance. I pose a inquiry why non seek something new? . Potentials benefits for the hereafter are ; stronger democracies, more economic stableness, extinguish favoritism within the Americas, and it is supposed to be environmentally friendly in continuing our environment for the hereafter. Criticisms of the FTAA vary in subjects. Some subjects are that free trade is an environmentally unfriendly proposition. These unfriendly issues include transporting goods long distances, which burns fossil fuels and adds to the pollution in the air. The concern of toxic waste, dissenters have plentifulness of illustrations of such issues that have already occurred with the NAFTA understanding.

wisdom essays

wisdom essays A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man -1914, 1915- draws on many details from Joyces early life. The novels protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, is in many ways Joyces fictional double. Like Joyce himself, Stephen is the son of an impoverished father and a highly devout Catholic mother. Also like Joyce, he attends Clongowes Wood, Belvedere, and University Colleges, struggling with questions of faith and nationality before leaving Ireland to make his own way as an artist. Many of the scenes in the novel are fictional, but some of its most powerful moments are autobiographical: both the Christmas dinner scene and Stephens first sexual experience with the Dublin prostitute closely resemble actual events in Joyces life. In addition to drawing heavily on Joyces personal life, the novel also makes a number of references to the politics and religion of early-twentieth-century Ireland: the majority of Irish, including the Joyces, were Catholics, and strongly favored Irish independence. The Protestant minority, on the other hand, mostly wished to remain united with Britain. In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, the young Stephens friends at University College frequently confront him with political questions about this struggle between Ireland and England. Today, James Joyce is celebrated as one of the great literary of the twentieth century. He was one of the first writers to make extensive and convincing use of stream of conciousness, a stylistic form in which written prose represents the characters stream of inner thoughts and perceptions rather than render these characters form an objective, external perspective. This technique, used in this novel mostly during the opening sections and in Chapter 5, sometimes makes for difficult reading. With effort, however, the seemingly jumbled perceptions of stream of consciousness ca...

Personal Ethics paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Personal Ethics paper - Essay Example In certain cases these all are being determined by the universities or any other institutional bodies of the university but the professors’ decision are also involved. the paper looks at different ethical codes of conduct and the leadership principles which the college professor’s are expected to incorporate in their day-to-day professional demeanor. Professors are the members of the university who teaches the students on behalf of the University. Hence as the University has certain rules and regulation the professor also follows certain ethics and principles while imparting education to the students. Teaching is regarded as an art and while teaching certain things are always taken into concerns like the way things are to be taught and what is to be taught. (Markie, 1994, p. 3) There are certain professional responsibilities which are expected from the college teachers. (A statement of principles for college teacher of education, 1954, p. 128) The relationship of the student and teacher is generally cooperative and there are significant sets of power that has been granted to the teachers. And the individual power of the teacher is very obvious in the classroom where the teachers or the professors determine the on goings of the class and evaluate the performance of the students. He has the sole power to do it. The power that has been given to the professors can be utilized to make it â€Å"supportive† or â€Å"destructive†. (Markie, 1994, p. 6) The ethical professor should be guided by the basic three principles, they are: â€Å"demonstration of equity and fairness†, â€Å"attention to cheating†, â€Å"responsible use of power†. (Klein, 2005, p. 4) Benjamin Bloom (1956) categorized learning activities into three essential parts- cognitive (including mental performance and the quest for knowledge), affective (encourage feelings and passion or generate the right attitude) and psychomotor (physical skills and manual efforts). the effective leadership of the college

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example Web 2.0 which has brought about revolution in different marketing concepts, like advertisement and many other ideas, the C.R.M concept is equally affected by web 2.0. Through blogs, social media (face book, twitter), the customers are kept in touch with the organizations. The web 2.0 provides fan pages and other similar links which enable staying in touch with the pulse of masses and customers. C.R.M has certain set of components, and each of them is vital for the overall productive working of C.R.M. each component works in a complementing way towards the other and these components are as following: Customers’ retention is an important factor. It is being said that a satisfied customer brings along 3 to 4 customers with himself while a dissatisfied customer takes away three to five customers with himself therefore customers response is very important either way. Large number of enterprises have taken up C.R.M work and processes in their routines within their organizations. These organizations realize the impact of C.R.M and the dividends that can be extracted through it. Benefits of C.R.M: the benefits of C.R.M are multifold. It is a source f direct contact with the customers. C.R.M enables saving time and through direct methods the direct questions are addressed. Other benefits involve doing more with less that is saving money and saving time. C.R.M allows working to the will of clients and since clients are the backbone of any given organization, hence C.R.M is the pivot towards the organizational success. Other goals and advantages of C.R.M include reliable measures, enabling of taking on board the customers and then resolving the issues and obstacles relative to the problems at hand and customers demands. Canada’s company Bell is C.R.M enabled and it brings into action all the functions which are necessary for successful execution of

Motivation in Pixar Animation Studios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation in Pixar Animation Studios - Essay Example It was to provide professional film making services majorly on animation and cartoons. This was after realizing that skills in information technology as related to animation were the major requirement. The first step was to gather resources and execute the plans. Consequently, the basic resources were in place and it was time to face the reality of it (Downs 2002). Management of the organization was a significant hitch as there was a need to hire professionals for various positions. The management team had to apply professional skills in ensuring efficient operation of the organization. As the organization grew bigger, there was a need for more staffing with the help of the HRM. This was carried out as per the needs at each point so as to balance out all activities carried out. An evaluation of the employee performance had to be done periodically so as to monitor the functionality of every position. As a result, changes on the positions and number of employees required in every duty had to take place accordingly. The HRM was charged with the responsibility of ensuring efficient staffing. Through this way, the organization has made tremendous steps towards attaining an excellent status. All these have been attributed to by the motivational factors, courtesy of the HRM and other stakeholders in influential positions within Pixar The objectives and activities of the company Pixar Pixar animation studios have an identity as an award winning animation studio embracing abilities in technical and creative productions. An assurance of these is by the creation of new features in animations in the new generation merchandise. Currently the organization has developed into a pioneer producer of technology applied in computer graphics and animations among other software developments (Wallace 2004). The studio aims at combining skills in proprietary technology with talents regarded to be of a world class in developing computer animated outputs with the support of memory. The industry made a brave turn into the film business from its initial venture and made more emphasis on the resources. Sustaining the innovation and creative behavior within the business called for brave actions to enable more output as compared to before. Proper coordination of the finances and the employees was one of the factors that led to the success of the organization. This depicts how important employee motivation is crucial to the survival of a business. Case motivation HRM practices Strategic management in the company was the yardstick to its success. This involved the use of strategic management skills applied by the management in handling all its operations. The major reason for establishing a strategic plan in management is to attain competitive advantage. These strategic management theories change from time to time regarding the customer needs. The fact that Pixar had roots from technology and art, played a role in the setting of the strategic management. Edwin Catmull to ok advantage of his passion for animation and made a team of individuals with similar interests such as George Lucas to work out on computer animations. This did not work out for them despite Luca's unwilling nature to venture in other areas other than animations as effected by computers. Steve jobs then surfaced to buy Edwin's unit before

The Main Causes Of The Holocaust History Essay

The Main Causes Of The Holocaust History Essay The holocaust is considered as one of the most horrific times faced by the Jewish community in Europe and the world at large. German dictator, Adolf Hitler is blamed for having initiated the Holocaust which saw more than ten million people murdered including about six million Jews. The German dictator was known to be a very anti-Semitic character as reflected in his Mein Kampf. Though much of the blame for the holocaust has been put on Hitler, he is not solely to blame as other various causes can be identified to have initiated the holocaust (Yahya, para 3). This paper shall provide an overview of the causes that resulted in one of the worlds worst war crimes to have ever been committed in the human history. The holocaust is regarded as a systematic, bureaucratic state sponsored persecution and murder that was directed towards the Jewish community in Europe just before the Second World War. It is claimed that close to six million Jews were killed by the Nazi regime together with their accomplices. The holocaust did not just target the Jewish community but also other groups that were seen to be inferior including the Roma [Gypsies], the disabled, and people of Slavic origin. There were also other groups which were persecuted based on their political, ideological and behavioral grounds. Such groups included the Communists, Socialists, Jehovahs Witnesses and the homosexuals (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Para 2). A pictorial representation of the massacre during the holocaust By the early 1930s, the Jewish population in Europe was above the 9th million mark and most of them resided in nations which the Nazi would occupy or had influence during the time of WW II. By the time the Second World War came to a close, the Germans together with their associates had killed two in every three Jews as part of the Final Solution policy adopted by the Nazi regime (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, para 3). The Jews were exterminated by being confined in overpopulated camps, being subjected to systematic murder by use of gas chambers, overworking them without food to death and committing them to mass murder before being buried in mass graves. This has been argued to be the largest scale of genocide to have ever been committed in human history. The holocaust is said to be a history of enduring horrors and sorrows as it reflects the extremes that human beings can go without any spark of human concern nor any act of humanity. According to one survivor of the holoca ust, it was painstaking to explain how the holocaust was carried out. He had this to say, There were not six million Jews murdered; there was one murder, six million times (BÃ ¼low, para 3). The Nazi rise to power is seen as the leading cause of the holocaust experience. Following the defeat of the Germans in the First World War I, the Versailles Treaty inflicted more pressure on the wounded Germany. The treaty is known to have required Germany to accept the blame of instigating the War and therefore accept responsibility of paying huge sums of money to the Allies. Germany did not have money and therefore took loans from the United States to pay the financial penalties of the war. With the toll of the Great Depression taking a high on the United States economy, the financial institutions in the US which had lend Germany started to demand that Germany repay the loan advancements. This resulted in even more economical suffering for the Germans. According to Yahya (para 4), the Nazis promised to make Germany a great country, they took over the government to fulfill these promises by rebuilding the nation. Since everyone wanted to see change in their country for the better, the Nazis were elected and took control of the government with the hope that they would bring the much desired change The holocaust could not have been carried out without the support from the public. Propaganda therefore became a very crucial element in the Nazi political orientation. Josef Goebbels was made the Minister for propaganda by Hitler and he rose to become one of the most known figures amongst the public. He worked hard to convince the Germans that the Aryan race was the most superior. In addition the use of propaganda was extensive in the whole country especially against the Jews. The Jews continued to receive much hatred and suffering in the hands of the Nazis: The economic troubles of Germany were blamed on the Jews. They were accused of taking all the money for themselves. The Nazi party generated extensive propaganda to this end. As anti-Semitism grew within the population, the things done to the Jews by Hitler and his army began to be widely seen as acceptable. Herding Jews into slums, burning and taking their businesses and finally sending them to camps all became common (Rakoczy, para 4). The Jews found themselves on the receiving end as the propagandist minister worked hard to spread hatred towards them from the public. According to Goebbels and Hitler, propaganda was an important aspect since they reasoned that when lies are repeatedly heard, eventually they gain acceptance among the public. To ensure that the public was able to listen to the propaganda, radio sets were sold to the public cheaply and the government had control of all the radio stations while forbidding treason charges against the government in the media (Lieberman, para 4). Once the propagandas became popular anti-Semitic sentiments gained momentum. Hitler supported the racial anti-Semitism as opposed to the religious anti-Semitism which was the hatred that was directed towards the Jews who refused to be converted to Christianity. Racial anti-Semitism on the other hand was the hatred directed towards anybody who could be traced back to a Jewish linage even if the person in question was practicing Christianity. Hitler is known to have facilitated the creation of the Jewish ghettos, burning of the businesses belonging to the Jews and distributed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a book that claimed that the Jews were out to take over the world. It can be argued that Hitlers belief in anti-Semitism was one of the key aspects of his motivations (Lieberman, para 5). The other concept that contributed to the development of the holocaust can be said to be the lack of intervention from the other nations in stopping what was happening in German. During the Evian conference that took place prior to the war, the US and Great Britain together with some other countries gathered to discuss the events in Germany and during this time, the Jews were allowed to voluntarily leave Germany in case they wished. The nations at the conference discussed the need to raise the Jewish quota that could be admitted in their territories. Surprisingly, by the end of the conference, only the Dominican Republic had opened their boundaries for the Jews fleeing away from the Germans. The obsession that Hitler had, of completely destroying the Jews has also been associated with the fact that He had suffered from syphilis while in Austria as a young boy which was not treated and it may have resurfaced in his later years. The resurgence of syphilis can lead to many eventualities as it may affect the nervous system and the brain. Critical examination of Hitler indicates that he might have contracted syphilis in 1908 while in Vienna which only reappeared in 1935 when it was at the tertiary stage. The effect of the disease on the brain includes aspects of paranoia, megalomania, loss of sense of reality, loss of moral senses and fits of anger (Rakoczy, para 6). These are the characters which were observed in Hitler during later life. Conclusion It can be argued that there were various factors attributed to have caused the holocaust. Such factors range from the social, economic, political and individual factors. In a nutshell, they include the anti-Semitism sentiments, demonization of the Jews, the Versailles Treaty with its economic woes on Germany, the Nazi regime and the subsequent the public support without leaving out the mental health of the Nazi leader that is said to have been aggravated by the untreated syphilis (Kimel, para 1). The holocaust has gone down the history books as the most atrocious event to have ever happened among the human race. The holocaust was encouraged by the Nazi regime and the world failed to act fast to stop it. Nevertheless, the causes of the holocaust are many and varied as opposed to being though to have been Hitler alone. Though Hitler was to squarely be blamed for he was the German leader at the time of the holocaust, the causes of the holocaust were gradual and cumulative for over an ex pansive period of time. Work Cited BÃ ¼low, Louis. The Holocaust: Crimes, Heroes, and Villains. 2010. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; Holocaust.Web.28 Dec 2010 from; http://www.auschwitz.dk/anker /holocaust/. Kimel, Alexander. Direct Causes Of The Holocaust. 2010. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; http://kimel.net/direct.html. Lieberman, Daniel. Causes of the Holocaust. 2009. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1353270/causes_of_the_holocaust.html. Rakoczy, Christy. Why Did the Holocaust Happen? 2010. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; http://answers.yourdictionary.com/history/why-did-the-holocaust-happen.html. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The Holocaust. 2010. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?ModuleId=10005143lang=en. Yahya, Hasan, The Causes of the Old Holocaust Are Building Up For a New One. 2010. Retrieved on 20th October 2010 from; http://www.articlesbase.com/strategic-planning-articles/the-causes-of-the-old-holocaust-are-building-up-for-a-new-one-1918168.html

Romeo and Juliet Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Physical separation is a powerful obstacle that is sometimes faced by those bound to each other in love. It brings about intense emotional pain and can hinder any relationship with which true love is at its core. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 56 involved two lovers that experienced physical separation as a stumbling block in their kinship. The â€Å"sad interim† with which the lovers found themselves suffering caused the intensity of their love to vanish. With their love fading quickly, the two desired for â€Å"sweet love† to â€Å"renew thy force.† They wanted their love for each other to be â€Å"blunter be than appetite, / Which but today by feeding is allayed, / Tomorrow sharpened in his former might.† They wished for a love like hunger, constantly returning and needing to be quenched. However, due to their separation, the people’s â€Å"spirit of love† had become â€Å"a perpetual dullness.† The â€Å"hungry eyes† of their love would â€Å"wink with fullness† and had lost its potency and strength. In order to repair the love that had waned, the lovers longed to â€Å"Come daily to the banks† of the ocean so that the â€Å"Return of love† could come to their relationship, and they desired â€Å"this sad interim† to be â€Å"winter, which being full of care / Makes summer’s welcome thrice more wish’d.† Sonnet 56 was a sad story in which separation caused two people’s love to become dull and boring. The obstacle of separation was also evident in the relationship between Hero and Claudio found in the play, Much Ado About Nothing. At the beginning of the play, Don Pedro and some of his men returned to Messina after battling in war. One of the men that Don Pedro brought with him was young Claudio. Claudio was highly respected in the eyes of Don Pedro and had exceptional war performan... ...(RJ 3. 5. 197). Juliet was so disgusted with the thought of marrying Paris that she would rather â€Å"make the bridal bed / In that dim monument where Tybalt lies† (RJ 3. 5. 212-213). Out of desperation to prevent the wedding, Juliet went â€Å"to the Friar to know his remedy† (RJ 3. 5. 254). She told that Friar that she â€Å"long[s] to die / If what thou speak’st speak not of remedy† (RJ 3. 5. 67-68). The Friar provided Juliet with a poison that would cause â€Å"The roses in [her] lips and cheeks fade / To paly ashes, [her] eyes’ windows fall / Like when he shuts up the day of life† (RJ 4. 1. 101-103). Though Paris was taken by Juliet, Juliet had no desire to marry Paris. Their love was completely one sided. Paris desired the love of Juliet but Juliet did not grant the love in return. The obstacle of non-mutual love will prevent any relationship from being successful.

Ghandi Speech Essay

To what extent does Gandhi use relatively simple syntax, expressing ethos and pathos, to appeal to a larger audience. The ‘Quit India’ speech was given by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8th of 1942. â€Å"Let me explain my position clearly†, Gandhi said, to begin his first point. He uses very simple syntax when giving this speech because he wants his points to be made more â€Å"clearly†. Throughout the whole speech, Gandhi’s speaks using very basic language, therefore appealing to a much larger audience, of people rather than a select few. Gandhi uses ethos and pathos in order to captivate and enthrall his audience. Gandhi said â€Å"I want you to know and feel that there is nothing but purest Ahimsa in all that I am saying and doing today.† He addresses the audience using â€Å"you† to make everything more direct and personal. Ethos and pathos is also used throughout this speech to gain credibility of the people, motivating them into  "joining† the â€Å"Quit India† movement he is advertising. â€Å"It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today.†, Gandhi said. â€Å"The power, when it comes, will belong to the people to the people of India, and it will be for them to decide to whom it placed and entrusted.† Promoting congress and rejecting dictatorship are the two biggest topics Gandhi is trying to support in this speech. And that is why the above excerpt is such an important sentence to the speech. Another strategy Ghandi incorporated was the repetition of the word â€Å"we† throughout the whole speech. This was to designate that he is the voice of the people of India, not merely voicing out his own individual opinion. â€Å"We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism.† When giving a speech, it is crucial to know who your intended audience is. That way it will make it easier for you to persuade them since you know what they are about. Mahatma Ghandi used this indication in order to persuade his audience and made his speech meaningful. In â€Å"Quit India†, he used simple sentences and being more informal in order to attract and keep the audience’ attention. Overall, the power of speech is so incredible and can impact more than just the intended audience. But in order for that to occur, the speaker must choose their words wisely, not just jotting down everything that comes to mind when given a topic. Not everyone wants to read something that is serious and not everyone is literate, especially during the time Mahatma Ghandi was delivering this speech. Therefore, putting together and  delivering this speech was important in order to attract people from all different ethnicities and political views. â€Å"Quit India† was not just a speech intended for a select audience, but it is a speech intended for ev ery human being to hear and interpret in their own way. That is the genius of Gandhi’s basic, yet meaninful, and relatable, syntax used through this speech.

Alan Klein Sugarball

Alan Klein’s Sugarball is both a historical overview and cultural study of how citizens of the Dominican Republic not only enjoy baseball but use it as a means of cultural self-expression and, more importantly, resistance to American domination of their small country.   Though not openly hostile to the United States, the Dominican public uses baseball as a means of asserting pride and equality in the face of long, formidable neocolonial domination. Baseball is a specifically American entity only partly because it was created and evolved in the United States, where for decades it remained the dominant spectator sport.   More importantly, Klein asserts, baseball is uniquely American in how it has spread to other nations and dominates the game elsewhere.   It has the largest and strongest organization, the richest teams, largest fan base, most lucrative broadcasting and advertising contracts, and most extensive networks for scouting and player development. Baseball’s presence in the Dominican Republic (among the western hemisphere’s poorest nations) is also uniquely American because, as with other aspects of American culture, it was brought there as American domination spread throughout the Caribbean American interests assumed control of the Dominican economy. However, unlike other American corporations, Major League Baseball did not provoke widespread, unmitigated resentment, but is for the most part supported by the nation’s people.   In addition, the methods long used to scout and sign Dominican ballplayers is similarly dubious and rifer with duplicity; Klein calls their methods â€Å"so reminiscent of those of the West African slave traders of three centuries earlier† (42). In terms of the game itself, the rules and style in each are generally the same, and while Dominicans play the game with an intensity equal with Americans, their approach to other aspects of baseball are more casual, reflecting that society’s leniency and lax approach to time.   While Dominican players play as hard as their American teammates and opponents, they embrace a much more casual attitude toward time, frequently showing up late for meetings or practice unless specifically required to be punctual.   In addition, they tend to be more exuberant and unrestrained; playing the game seriously is not equated with a somber demeanor. Most of the differences lie off the field, particularly in the atmosphere of a stadium on game day.   The fan culture is radically different; where American fans are more restrained, often get to games on time, and can sometimes be confrontational with other fans, Dominican fans are generally louder, more physically and temperamentally relaxed, more effusive (even with strangers), and, despite the demonstrative body language and shouting shown in arguments, there is far less violence than at an American ballgame. Klein attributes this to the fact that â€Å"[Dominican fans] are far more social than North Americans, more in tune with human frailty.   Because they see so much human vulnerability, because they are closer to the margins of life, they are more likely to resist the urge to bully and harm† (148). Economic power essentially defines the relationship between American and Dominican baseball, because Major League Baseball develops and signs much of the local Dominican talent, leaving the Dominican professional league and amateur ranks underdeveloped and subordinate to the North American teams who establish baseball academies and working agreements with Dominican teams. Since 1955, when the major leagues established working agreements with Dominican professional clubs (and, more significantly, eliminated the â€Å"color line† that prevented most Dominicans, who are predominantly mulatto, from playing), American baseball has shown its hegemony over its Dominican counterpart, turning the latter into a virtual colony by taking its raw resources and giving back very little in return.   Klein comments: â€Å"The lure of cheap, abundant talent in the Dominican Republic led American teams to establish a more substantial presence there . . . [and the] bonds between American and Dominican baseball came increasingly to resemble other economic and political relations between the two countries† (36). Klein writes that most Dominicans accept American dominance of their baseball, adding that â€Å"whereas giants such as Falconbridge and GTE are resented, major league teams are largely supported† (2), mainly because Dominican players have such a notable presence and bring positive attention to their impoverished homeland.   This support is by no means unconditional, though; they steadfastly refuse to approach the game with American businesslike gravitas; instead, they treat the game itself somewhat like Carnival, with joy coexisting alongside energetic, intense play. Resistance appears in the way Dominican players relax at home, interacting more freely with fans, who themselves resist American baseball’s decorum by being themselves and creating a festive, effusive, Carnival-like atmosphere.   According to Klein, â€Å"The game remains American in structure, but its setting is Dominican and it has become infused with Dominican values† (149).   Indeed, the park fosters a microcosm of Dominican society, particularly its impoverished economy, and unlike the more slick American baseball business, it does not exclude its marginal activities. In addition to the paid vendors and park employees within the stadium, an illicit economy flourishes both within and on the outside, with self-appointed â€Å"car watchers,† vendors, and ushers (adults and children alike) plying their trade for small fees, and bookmakers work openly, often in the presence of the police, who turn a blind eye to most illegal activity aside from the rare fight. Dominican baseball’s symbolic significance is not a sense of the pastoral heritage, like some in America interpret it; instead, it reflects Dominicans’ sense of themselves being dominated by the United States, and offers a symbolic outlet for striking back. In his preface, Klein writes: â€Å"The tensions between a batter who has two strikes against him and the opposing pitcher are a metaphor for the political and cultural tensions described in this book† (xi).   Indeed, the Dominican republic’s deeply entrenched poverty and long domination by foreign powers give it a feeling of vulnerability and compel its people to seek some means of besting the dominant power – if not politically or economically, then at least athletically. At the start of the book, Klein states that â€Å"every turn at bat is a candle of hope, every swing is the wave of a banner, the sweeping arc of a sword† (1).   Indeed, when a Dominican reaches the major leagues and excels, it is not merely an athletic success story but a symbolic invasion and conquest of the conqueror’s territory.   (The United States twice occupied the Dominican Republic in the twentieth century, an ever-present fact in Dominicans’ minds.) Also, the atmosphere in the crowd of a Dominican professional game serves as the country’s symbolic assertion of its culture in the face of American dominance.   At Santo Domingo’s Quisqueya Stadium, one witnesses â€Å"a mass spectacle that makes simultaneous use of American and Dominican elements. . . . [Baseball] at Quisqueya embodies many of the things that North Americans find blameworthy in Dominican culture – lateness, overly casual behavior, inefficiency.   But the Dominicans see these characteristics as a source of pride, and they take their game seriously† (150). The Dominican baseball press is a source of more open resistance; says Klein, â€Å"the press has inadvertently created a Latino universe of discourse, one in which North Americans are conspicuously absent† (127).   Its journalists display an obvious bias by devoting so much attention to Dominicans in the major leagues that one hardly knows other nationalities even participate. In addition, Dominican baseball writers openly blame Dominican baseball’s problems on American control, protesting a skewed economic relationship that mirrors the larger political and economic imbalance.   They promote much of the public’s pride, says Klein, but that pride is â€Å"tempered by the view that Dominican baseball is still an adjunct to the American game† (121).   Dominican resistance is thus aimed at countering this uncomfortable fact. In baseball terms, American culture interacts with Dominican culture by treating it with some degree of condescension and insensitivity.   Many American baseball professionals are impatient with Dominicans’ loose sense of time, quickly deeming Latino players uncoachable â€Å"head cases,† without looking at the cultural differences. Among Dominicans, says Klein, â€Å"There is none of the regimentation, guardedness, and nervous tension that characterizes players in the United States.   North American managers must take this looseness into account when they go to the Caribbean, for the players’ conception of the game and of time is as elastic as that of other Dominicans† (148). Despite the United States’ long domination of the Dominican Republic, the small nation’s people feel less anger than a mixture of muted resentment and aspiration to attain American material prosperity and stability, which for most are a distant, unreachable ideal.   Thus, when Dominican ballplayers reach the major leagues, their large salaries represent a sort of victory and source of immense pride for the small island nation.   Says Klein, â€Å"Much as archeological treasures attest to a rich Dominican past, salaries attest to the present† (128). Klein’s study pays keen attention not only to Dominican history but also to the ways in which Dominicans embrace this imported sport but also use their prowess to offer their own subtle response to American political and economic dominance.   The dynamic he describes illustrates not only American hegemony, but also how subordinated peoples’ identity and spirit can thrive even in the face of foreign domination. Klein, Alan M.   Sugarball.   New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

Infantile Amenisia Essays - Memory, Childhood Amnesia, Amnesia

Infantile Amenisia Essays - Memory, Childhood Amnesia, Amnesia Infantile Amenisia Our brains are constantly at work processing and retrieving information. However, we become frustrated when we cannot readily retrieve information that we have stored in our brains. The inability to remember can occur for a number of reasons that range from simple forgetting to phenomena like Infantile Amnesia. Infantile Amnesia is described as an adults inability to remember events before the age of two or three. This phenomena has proven difficult to test because your memory is in a constant state of reconstruction, (Rupp, 1998, p. 171). That is your memories are influenced by past events, and current perceptions about yourself. Therefore, you may remember events only in a way that it is congruent with your current perceptions of yourself, and current relationships. Rupp illustrated this: Grown children who clash with their parents may find memories of childhood plastered over with new impressions the past becomes gloomier and more dismal; recollections of past injustices loom large. (Rupp, 1998, p.172) Hindsight bias is also a factor in both adult and childhood memories. Hindsight bias occurs when our memory of how certain we were about the accuracy of an event is altered. If an event is recounted that is similar to the memory that we have we tend to become more confident remembering events in a much more positive light. If our memory is found to be false, we quickly remember ourselves as being cautiously doubtful about the event in the first place. Therefore, it is clear that our memories are quite susceptible to error. Sigmund Freud, father of the psychoanalytic school of thought had a different interpretation. Freud contended that it was necessary to repress early childhood memories. This necessity stemmed out of the need to repress anxiety-producing sexual and aggressive memories related to a childs parent or parents. Freud thought that repression of these memories was essential to developing a healthy sex life as an adult. Though Freuds theories are widely accepted increasingly, contemporary psychologists are veering away from this theory. Memory is defined as the process by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved. This process is central to learning and thinking. There are three types of memory storage systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the initial storage of information that may last for only an instant. Short-term memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds. Long-term memory occurs when we store information permanently. Therefore, many of our memories about our childhood are stored there. It is not that newborns are incapable of remembering things but the way that they remember. The brains of newborns are, predisposed to retain certain kinds of information often information related to survival and mastering the environment. (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). In addition, babies are only able to store fewer pieces of information about events and experiences. At this early stage in life, they are unable to organize and store information in a manner that would allow them to retrieve it readily later in life. Piaget believed that, babies memories are sensory motor in nature not true representations. (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). Psychologists have continually tried to find methods to understand the phenomena of infantile amnesia. Studies have been conducted using the birth of a sibling as a reference point for discerning exactly what people can remember from that period. College students and children aged four, six, eight and twelve were asked to recall the birth of a sibling when they were between the ages three and eleven. Researchers asked question like Who took care of you while your mother was in the hospital? Did the baby receive presents? Did you receive presents? Then their mothers were asked the same questions. The study found that children who were under the age of three at the time of the birth remember virtually nothing. The inability to remember events in early childhood is not necessarily a bad thing. Actually, it may be useful particularly for people who have suffered severe trauma during their childhood. It prevents them from reliving these traumatic events, and causing undue anxiety that may impair their adult lives. While I am not in complete agreement with Freud theory on infantile amnesia, I believe that it may serve its

Sports Gambling for Youth in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sports Gambling for Youth in the USA - Essay Example Money is what makes the mighty and powerful superior to all others. Sports and gambling have always been a pastime of our society and it would only seem fitting for our youth to follow in the footsteps of the generations preceding their own. "Possibly the biggest reason for an increase in illegal sports wagering is that society accepts gambling and believes there are no victims. Gambling is becoming an everyday accepted activity in areas of America that never before had easy access. Virtually everyone can buy a lottery ticket, bet on a horse, or drive to a riverboat casino just a short trip away" (Saum 2). The more time a gambler occupies placing bets, the more this once simple activity has becomes a dangerous obsession. At this point, one must begin to consider the true value of sports gambling and if it has any value at all. "The profile of the typical college student who gambles is someone who believes he has control of his own destiny, takes risks, and feels he possesses the skill to be successful in this endeavor. Ironically, these are many of the same qualities of successful college athletes and may explain why some are drawn to sports gambling" (Saum 1). Sports and gambling rely on one key element; luck, which is seen as a hope that becomes a reality, but only for a mere few. Having been brought up in an environment that teaches how money and luck go hand in hand the modern day generation is more inclined to test their luck. The internet is perhaps the best and easiest resource in which our youth can access the gambling world. "Computers are readily available for use in many high schools, college, and university libraries, and the cost of personal computers has been drastically reduced" (McBride 1). With this in mind, the student-athletes that have come to understand the internet gambling world have the most influential impact. NCAA President Cedric W. Dempsey stated that "For the NCAA, this creates the potential that a student-athlete could place a wager and then attempt to influence the outcome of a game while participating in the contest. We are also concerned that the growth of Internet gambling may be fueled by college students who have easy access to the Internet. Students and student-athletes who develop gambling problems behind closed doors are difficult to reach. The NCAA believes there is a serious need for federal legislation prohibiting Internet gambling" (NCAA News Release). Dempsey's fears are rightfully placed since incidents like these are not uncommon among student-athletes. One NCAA-sponsored studied revealed that "of 2,000 male student-athletes in Division I basketball and football programs surveyed about NCAA rules violation, 25% reported that they gambled on college sports events other than their own while in college. Four percent admitted that they wagered on games in which they had played, and three of the athletes said they changed the outcome of the game in which they participated" (Saum 1). Results like this only show a portion of what could be a larger number of student-athletes that may be involved with sports gambling and could have directly impacted the results of a game in their respective sport. This alone changes many assumptions of the nature of sporting events and

What Do People Do When They are Leading - Bob McDonald (Procter & Assignment

What Do People Do When They are Leading - Bob McDonald (Procter & Gamble) - Assignment Example He studied in the US Military Academy where he served in the 82nd Airborne Division for five years. When McDonald left the military, Procter & Gamble (P&G) asked him to join the company and served as the brand manager of one of its leading products. In 2009, the board appointed him as the CEO owing to his 29 years of service and substantial contribution to the international expansion of the company (Kane, 2012). At West Point, McDonald had learned much valuable insights on values-based leadership, which he imparted to his senior executives when he became the CEO at P&G. 2. Leadership Style and Philosophy Bob McDonald firmly believes in innovation, which is for him a driving force that can solve challenges for sustainability (Confino, 2012). The drive for innovation made P&G as one of the first companies to accentuate the importance of crowd sourcing and social media to generate new ideas and leverage change through networking with different groups of people. McDonald considers innova tion as the lifeblood of P&G given that it allocates about $2 billion annually on their research and development, which is approximately over 50% of its competitors combined (PwC 2010, as cited in Nagpal, 2013, p. 31). Considering the future of the company, McDonald also believes that leaders should build an innovative corporate culture, where a stream of ideas and innovation can be generated by more than 50,000 employees and millions of daily interaction with customers. Such approach, therefore, can facilitate the company in improving their processes, products, and customer experiences. McDonald’s leadership principles can also be attributed to his training at West Point, where he learned having a sense of purpose and character through, which he believed was the most significant trait or quality of a leader (Kane, 2012). 3. Personal and Organisational Values As the company’s CEO, Bob McDonald promotes a â€Å"value-based leadership† through which he advocates t he essential values of purpose and character (Hurley, 2012, p. 107). He defines purpose as the belief in the ethics and mission within an organisation while character, as he perceived, refers to an act carried out with personal responsibility and integrity. With his personal values-based leadership, McDonald is recognised both as an individual and global business leader anchored on his belief that outstanding companies and leaders should operate with consistent values and with a clear sense of purpose (Procter & Gamble, 2013a). With regard to organisational values, McDonald espouses a corporate innovation at P&G. Although he recognised the value of sales promotion that can boost the company’s growth, he believes that true innovation can provide a wide range of opportunities for the company to excel in their investments and strategic goals (Kuratko, 2012). Moreover, McDonald’s key points for leadership derived from his military experience can be characterised with stron g organisational and personal values in stimulating action in the workplace and promoting a sustainable competitive advantage (Yardley, Kakabadse, & Neal, 2012, p. 68). 4. How McDonald’s Values Influence Ethical Behaviour of the Organisation Ethical behaviour is the key ingredient of Procter & Gamble’s success, as noted by House and Rehbein (2004, p. 105). Its corporate values reflect their behaviour that influence the way they the company works and toward their business partners (Procter & Gamble, 2013b). In addition, employees at Procter & Gamble are obliged to act in the company’s best interests at all times and take prompt actions in resolving any conflicts of